The Four C’s

The Four C’s

A diamond is one of the largest purchases most people make in their life time. As with any large purchase you should understand what you are buying and take the time to educate yourself as to what to look when shopping for a diamond.

The value of a diamond depends on certain characteristics of the diamond that are graded. Diamonds are examined and graded by trained workers at laboratories using grading criteria established by The Gemological Institute of America (GIA). Four of these criteria are essential to understand when buying a diamond. When you apply these four criteria accurately and completely, you can be confident that you are getting the best diamond quality and value for your money.


Keep in mind that the Four C’s should only be applied to a loose diamond and not to a diamond mounted on a ring. Known as the Four C’s,” these criteria are: Color, Clarity, Carat and Cut.

With an understanding of the Four C’s, you will be able to comparison shop and buy the best diamond at a fair price. But buying a diamond shouldn’t be done on a whim or rushed. Give yourself plenty of time and shop around, see what is out there to be purchased, then decide on the shapes and styles that appeals to you.

Diamond Certificates

Diamond Report

A diamond certification is also known as a diamond grade report. The report, or certification, is like a fingerprint for a particular diamond. The diamond certification is the written documentation of a diamond’s various attributes and dimensions. With it, you know the exact grading for each of a diamond’s

Four Cs – cut, color, clarity and carat

Many diamonds may look the same to the untrained eye. A diamond certificate is an independent verification of the cut, color, clarity and carat of the diamond. The diamond’s flaws (or inclusions) are also noted and, depending on the laboratory grading the diamond, can be plotted on a diagram of the diamond.


With a diamond certificate, you don’t have to worry about a diamond retailer or jeweler telling you anything less than the truth, because the certificate comes from an independent gemological laboratory – not the retailer or jeweler. You may be required to pay for the certificate, but the cost is usually low compared to the cost of the diamond, and in most cases, it will keep you from overpaying for a lower quality diamond altogether or it can help you get the best price on the diamond.

When you buy a diamond, be sure to question the jeweler first about the characteristics or attributes of the particular diamond. Then ask to see the diamond certification that will come with diamond when you buy it. If the particular diamond you are interested in buying does not already have a certificate with it, get one to confirm the diamond’s characteristics or attributes. Don’t buy an expensive diamond without paying the extra cost of the  certificate.

If a dealer tries to convince you to make the purchase without the certificate, you should be concerned that perhaps the jeweler may have exaggerated the quality of the diamond and inflated the price.

There are a few different gemological laboratories grading diamonds. Some of the better known labs are: GIA (Gemological Institute of America), AGS (American Gemological Society), PGS (Professional Gem Sciences), EGL (European Gemological Institute) and the IGI (International Gemological Institute).

The two most respected are GIA and AGS. They are known in the industry for having the authenticity and reliability of their grade report. The still relatively small PGS is also a respected name in the diamond industry. Some in the industry feels that EGL and IGI tend to over-grade the diamonds that are sent to them for certification, as well as having less critical grading standards and training criteria for their gemologists. Given a choice of GIA and AGS or EGL and IGI, go with GIA or AGS or even PGS. You cannot go wrong if you look for these names on the grading report before you buy.

A copy of the diamond certificate should be given to your insurance company when you insure the diamond or ring (the diamond and its setting). Keep in mind that a diamond certificate documents a diamond’s quality and does not state the value of the diamond. For an impartial evaluation or estimate of the diamond’s value, you will need to have the diamond or diamond ring appraised by a professional appraiser.

An appraisal is a document used to value the diamond for insurance policies and replacement of the diamond. The appraisal is isuued by an independent appraiser that states the approximate retail value of the diamond based on its cut, color, clarity and carat and the current diamond market prices. If the appraisal is for a set or mounted diamond, the weight of the precious metal, the labor, and the craftsmanship is also included in the appraisal. The more information on the appraisal, the better the chance you will receive an equal replacement value from your insurance company in the event the ring is stolen, lost or damaged in the future. The certificate leaves the insurance company less room to argue the quality and ultimately the replacement value of the diamond or ring.

A diamond certificate will also be useful when you later decide to sell the diamond because the potential buyer, like you when you were shopping for a diamond, will likely ask to see the certificate. If you do not have one, you will have a hard time selling the diamond to someone else.

With a diamond certificate, you don’t have to rely sorely on the honesty of the jeweler when buying a diamond. You may pay a little more money for the certification, but the cost is well worth the peace of mind you get from knowing that you didn’t overpay for a lower quality diamond.

Color

Color – One of the Four Cs

Diamonds come naturally from the Earth in almost every color of the rainbow. In most cases, the whiter the diamond, the more valuable it is. Fancy colored diamonds are an exception to the rule. Diamonds that are rated yellow colored past D are rare and are more valuable.

Color is the second of the four c’s in importance in determining the overall beauty of the diamond. The color of a diamond is rated using a Color Scale – GIA’s scale is the most widely used – which classifies the stones in alphabetical order starting with the letter D, being the whitest or colorless, or best, and goes down the letter Z, being near-colorless, with slight hints of yellows or browns.

The lack of color, or whiteness in a diamond, allows maximum light to pass through the stone and disperse that beauty back to the observer. A white diamond will look very clean, crisp, and brilliant, with a lot of dazzle. A yellow diamond will not really look yellow, as it will look darker and dirty brown, without nearly the same brilliance. These are differences that you can clearly see, as you do not need to be a trained expert or certifies gemologist to see these differences.

G, H and I are near-colorless diamonds that look colorless to the naked eye. These are the whitest stones commonly available in the engagement ring market.

A diamond rated G and H on the color scale is your best choice for quality and value.